Academic Literacies Approach to Writing

According to an opinion that has been widely spread in academic in recent years, the overall quality of student writing and the perceived standards of student literacy has been on decline for a long time. Many members of academic staff today believe that current students are incapable of proper writing and, therefore, think that educational programs need to be revised in order to reestablish these standards. This initiative is usually referred to as ‘back to basics’ – it is implied that by assuming that students need their training to be started at lower, more basic level, it will be possible to reteach them and return the high standards of the past. There is, however, another point of view, that tries to take into account the problems of identity and the relations of hierarchy, authority and power present in writing practices carried out within higher education. According to this ‘academic literacies’ idea, it is not the quality of writing that is at fault, but rather the traditional systems of evaluating written works, which do not longer meet the demands of changing situation in the world of education and academic writing. Traditionally, it has been considered that when learning academic literacies – that is, the practices of reading and writing within a particular discipline – students had to adapt their own written practices and competences to that accepted in the academia. In other words, codes, conventions and formats existing in academia have always been accepted at face value, as something that is not to be discussed but rather accepted and learnt. The academic literacies approach, on the contrary, is based on the assumption that understanding academic writing means studying the writing practices that already exist both among students and academic staff. The point here is to observe and perceive literacy not from the standpoint of good and bad writing in their traditional understanding, but from a sociocultural point of view, without defining any practices as correct and proper or incorrect and improper. Proponents of the idea believe that currently the research of student writing falls into three general viewpoints, three ways of understanding student writing: that of study skills, academic socialization and academic literacies correspondingly. Those supporting the academic literacies approach do not consider their viewpoint being superior to two others; rather, they believe that academic literacies include main characteristics of two other perspectives. Student writing as study skills means that literacy is a set of skills and competences that are to be taught and learnt. If there are any deviations from them, they are to be fixed. Academic socialization suggests that the main task of the tutor is to introduce students into a new culture – that of academia. There is less focus on fixed principles and more on student’s own interpretation of tasks. Finally, academic literacies approach in certain ways includes two previous approaches and perceives literacies as social practices – that is, learning and writing processes have more to do with student’s identity than with his or her skills or degrees of socialization.

Business and Government Essay - 1540 Words

Describe the current relationship between government and business in the United States The government’s position is to ensure that citizens do not suffer harm resulting from business operations, such as selling tainted food or preparing foods in unsanitary conditions, causing ecological harm, or dealing unscrupulously in financial matters. The larger the government grows, the more it introduces regulations and taxes onto businesses (Carney, 2006). The business’ position is that they want the government to stay out of their operations. Businesses believe the government has too much involvement in their affairs. In a poll taken in year 2005, 90% of Americans believed that large businesses had great influence over the government. The†¦show more content†¦citizens have better living conditions, in all aspects. The government will make it possible for the citizens to have services, such as schools, or environmental protection, that individually they would not be able to provide for themselves. One public policy of the United States for its citizens is to resolve global warming. The Obama Administration states that Global warming is a very serious situation caused by human activities. As a result of global warming, hurricanes that rated in the 4 and 5 categories have practically doubled in the last three decades. The ocean acidity has increased; the trees bloom earlier than ever; glaciers are melting at a much faster pace, and certain water species will become extinct. To combat these issues some scientist suggest reducing emission are else climate change will worsen. If there is no reduction in emission the world will be faced with famine and drought in some of the poorest places in the world which will wreak havoc across the globe. In addition, in the U.S., due to rise in sea-level, the coastal areas could suffer significant damage to the environment and the economy (BarackObama.com, 2008). President Obama would like for the U.S. to show as leader in implementing change in global warming, by investing $150 billion inShow MoreRelatedBusiness Government4117 Words   |  17 PagesBusiness, Government, and Society MGT 430 Term Research Paper Television Media Yolanda Scott Sunday, December 13th, 2009 Table of Contents History of the Television†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pages 3-6 Stakeholders of the Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Pages 6-8 Role of the Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pages 8-13 Ethics of the Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 14 Rating of the Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Page 14-15 Accomplishments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreGovernment Business Relations1518 Words   |  6 PagesGovernment business relations American businesses wield much political powers. This has been there for quite some time. Prior to the Civil War, some Americans worried less about the power of businesses. This was partly due to the fact that firms at this time were relatively small. This restricted the powers of the proprietors to local political arenas. When multinational corporations emerged in the late 19th Century the role played by businesses in the political scenes completely changed. TensionsRead MoreBusiness, Government and Society4777 Words   |  20 PagesBUSINESS GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY Written Report Table of Contents Introduction3 Current Business Environment3 Business and Government5 The Legal System5 Effectiveness of the system5 Reforms6 Infrastructure development reform programme6 Trade and Investment liberalisation package6 Governance Reforms7 Government Information System7 Regulations 8 Tax Regulations8 Trade Regulations8 Business and Society9 Corporate Social Responsibility9 Relations10 Infrastructure11 Read MoreBusiness, Government, and Society2307 Words   |  10 PagesThe involvement of government, business and civil society institutions in the diagnosis and solution of societal problems has been in existence for ages, but the concept has gained more supports in the international development arena in recent times The relationship between government and business is complex, with both positive and negative aspects in terms of what can be called â€Å"the public good†. This notion of â€Å"public good† changes depending on one’s ideology and this makes the appreciation ofRead MoreBusiness Vs. Government Owned Business2059 Words   |  9 Pagesthey get out of the Military and start a business that there is only one type of business they can own. They also believe that they will not have any problems in achieving their own business goals and will have stability in that business. This is why they have to set long and short term goals. Look at privately owned business vs. government owned business and the pros and cons of making your choice of business. When making that choice of either business type education level, wages, benefits, andRead MoreThe Role of Government in Business Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States of America faced business regulations. 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Mercantilism is the theory that explains, the government will maintain their economy and trade to promote their own domestic i ndustry at the cost of the other country leading to unfairRead MoreGovernment Intervention In Business Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesAt the beginning of the 20th century, the rise of monopolies forced governments to enact anti-trust legislations in order to maintain a free market. Since then, the amount of government intervention in business has grown exponentially. In recent times, fraud and moral hazard have caused a focus on corporate governance legislation. Regrettably, ethics cannot be legislated, and government intervention only hurts businesses which conduct themselves properly while doing nothing to mitigate new formsRead MoreGovernment Dominated By Big Business900 Words   |  4 PagesThere has been a lot of fuss over big business influencing the government in the United States lately. Now there is no doubt that the business elite have some influence on politics. It can even be traced back to the early 1900’s, when â€Å"the People’s Party had disintegra ted, but many writers and activists have continued to echo the Populists’ central thesis: that the U.S. democratic political system is in fact dominated by business elites† (). Although there are countless arguments to go against thisRead MoreGovernment, Regulation Business Ethics2112 Words   |  9 PagesGovernment, Regulation amp; Business Ethics The issue of business relations with government has increasingly become a key issue of business ethics. Some of the many questions raised are * Is it acceptable for corporations to use their considerable power tp shape government policy? * Is the government jeopardizing its role in protecting the public interest when politicians sit on the board of corporations? The government has a crucial role to play in establishing the ‘rules of the game’

The effect of temperature on respiration Free Essays

Every living thing respires in some way. There are two forms of respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Areobic respiration only takes place in the presence of oxygen and is a far more efficient way for complexed organisms to convert carbohydrates into energy. We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of temperature on respiration or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are four stages in aerobic respiration, Glycolysis, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Anaerobic respiration is far less efficient than aerobic, but can produce low yields of energy quickly. T6he overall equation for respiration is; C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy A respiratory quotient (RQ) is used to show what substrate is being used in respiration, it can also show if anaerobic respiration is occurring. The following equations can be used to calculate RQ: RQ = Volume of carbon dioxide given out in unit of time Volume of oxygen taken in unit of time Or RQ = moles or molecules of carbon dioxide given out Moles or molecules of oxygen taken in Prediction I predict that an increase in temperature will increase the respiration rate. The increase will only take place until a certain temperature is reached, the respiration rate will then start to decrease after that temperature. I think that the respiration rate will start to decrease after 50 C. This is because as the temperature increases, the enzymes and substrate molecules involved in respiration will gain more activation energy. This means that the enzymes and substrate are more likely to collide, and a reaction to take place. I think that respiration will reach its optimum rate at about 40 C, this is because enzymes work best at about this temperature, that is only providing that another factor, such as oxygen available, does not become a limiting factor. Preliminary work To test the effects of temperature on respiration a respirometer wil be used. A respirometer consists of two test tubes, an experimental test tube and a control tube, and a capillary U-tube. The experimental tube contains soda-lime solution with a wire gauze platform over it, with non-vertebrates in it. The control tube also contains soda-lime, with a wire gauze above it, with glass beads in it. Both tubes are sealed and attached to the u-tubing containing manometer fluid. A respirometer is suitable for measuring the rate of oxygen consumption of small terrestrial invertebrates. The Carbon dioxide produced in respiration is absorbed by a suitable chemical such as soda-lime or Potassium Hydroxide solution. The amount of oxygen used can be measured by reading the level of manometer fluid against the scale. Using a water bath alters the temperature. We did a test run using this equipment; germinating peas were used instead of small invertebrates. Only one test was completed, this was at room temperature no repeats were made. This was due to time restrictions. This test run taught us how to set up the equipment. We compared our results gained to reference book values and decided that they were reasonably reliable. Variables: * The surrounding atmospheric temperature of the water bath must remain constant to prevent anomalous results being obtained. * The atmospheric pressure must remain constant; this is ok because the experiment will take place in the same room all of the time. * A control tube is used to compensate in small changes in atmospheric pressure. * The same volume and concentration of NaOH must be used in every experiment; this is to prevent more or less CO2 being absorbed. * The mass of the invertebrates and the number of invertebrates must remain constant to prevent differences in respiration rates occurring. Five different temperature inputs will be used, these temperatures will be 10 C, 20 C, 30 C, 40 C and 50 C. These temperatures provide a good range for which varying respiration rates can occur. The enzymes involved in respiration will be working very slowly at both 10 C and 50 C. The optimal temperature for respiration can also be found using these temperatures. These changes in temperature will not do any harm to the invertebrates, by over heating them. Each test will be repeated three times to gain an average result and to remove any anomalous results as far as possible. Apparatus * Two large test tubes * Sodium Hydroxide solution * Two test tube bungs, with two holes in each * 4 capillary tubes * 1 capillary u-tube containing manometer fluid * 1Cm syringe * 8 maggots * Glass beads * 2 small pieces of wire gauze * 1 screw clip * 1 three way tap * Stopwatch Method 1. Set up the equipment as shown in the diagram above 2. Using the syringe, adjust the level of manometer fluid in the u-tubing to ensure that it is the same level at both sides 3. Seal the screw clip and record the level of manometer fluid every two minutes, over a period of 10 minutes. 4. repeat step 3 for the temperatures of 10 C, 20 C(room temperature), 30 C, 40 C and 50 C. These temperatures can be reached by using either a water bath or crushed ice 5. Each test must be repeated 3 times. 6. Record each result in a table and work out the average. Use the results to calculate the RQ values. Risk Assessment * The NaOH is corrosive, so it must be kept away from the invertebrates. Saftey goggles and a lab coat must be worn to protect eyes and clothes from NaOH. * Living creatures must be treated with respect * Any spillages must be mopped up immediately to prevent accidents occurring. How to cite The effect of temperature on respiration, Papers

Critical Incidents And Conditions In The Lives Of Essay Example For Students

Critical Incidents And Conditions In The Lives Of Essay The Characters In Delores ClaibourneDelores ClaiborneThe film â€Å"Delores Claiborne†, based on the novel by Stephen King, is a suspenseful, well-written drama about a family in Maine. The film gradually unfolds the painful story of a family destroyed by alcoholism and abuse, and of a woman’s will power and strength to overcome. The following pages will review Critical Events in the lives of Delores, Joe, and Selena. This will be followed by the Critical Conditions that influenced the lives of the St. George family, including history and culture. Finally, I will review Important Character Statements, things that characters in the film said that provide insight into their character and/or history. Critical Events- The death of Vera Donovan is a critical event. Although details will not be given of her death until later in the film, her death itself is a critical event in the lives of Delores and Selena. Perhaps the most important consequence of this event is that Selena comes home to visit her mother, Delores, upon hearing that she may be involved in the death of Vera. This homecoming allows the rest of the story to unfold, and had Selena no reason to return home, parts of her history would have never come to the surface, and Selena would still be wrestling with a mistaken view of the past. Her relationship with her mother is greatly influenced by this event. A second chain of critical events, perhaps some of the most crucial, is presented in flashback format. After being physically and emotionally assaulted by Joe, who has started drinking again, Delores reaches her breaking point. She throws a pitcher of milk at Joe, and threatens him with an axe, then gives him the axe and dares him to kill her. She tells him she’s had enough of his abuse, and that if he hits her again, he’d better kill her: because if not, she will kill him. What we see in this critical event is the strong willpower and personality of Delores. Her relationship with her husband is altered greatly by this event. The next critical event we are shown is the harassment of Delores by neighborhood teens. Selena is greatly affected by this, and retreats to the bathroom to take pills to calm down. Her mother tries to convince her not to do this. Selena is quite obviously emotionally distraught. We flash back to a prank telephone call to a young Selena, another critical event. The callers are harassing her about her father’s death. Selena then begins to destroy Christmas ornaments, and engages in an act of self-mutilation by cutting herself on the neck with one of the ornaments. Her father’s death is a great cause of unsettlement in the life of Selena, and she is on various medications while trying to cope with this unresolved conflict. Yet another critical incident is when Delores confronts a young Selena on the ferry on the way home from work. This confrontation leads Delores to the knowledge that Joe is sexually abusing Selena, which leads her to go to the bank to attempt to withdraw the money she has been saving and run away with Selena. Since Joe withdrew the money already, another critical event, Delores is torn and does not know what to do. She cries at work and is confronted by Vera, who in yet another critical event, suggests to Delores that she kill Joe and make it look like an accident. The day of the eclipse, when Vera gives Delores the day off and the eclipse viewing supplies, Vera opens the door for Delores to kill Joe. And, in yet another critical incident, Delores leads Joe on a chase through the front yard which leads to his â€Å"accidental’ fall down a well. .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .postImageUrl , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:hover , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:visited , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:active { border:0!important; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:active , .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774 .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u158cdca9579d0caee5865341f92d5774:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Same sex marriagescalltoact speech EssaySelena refuses to believe that her father ever hurt her until she is on a ferry leaving the island. When she goes to buy a coffee, she remembers an incident when her father sexually abused her on the ferry. This is extremely crucial, because it allows her to see why her mother did what she did, and prompts her to go back and defend her mother. It also allows Selena a glimpse into her own history. This