Science and politics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Science and politics - Term Paper Example Undeniably, world leaders and industry managers still very much depend on oil for their major industries. In the end, oil is hardly something they can do away with; and the oil companies know this. For which reason, most oil companies and other interest groups contend that government authorities must oversee and must be involved in cleaning up oil spills. They further contend that the government also has a responsibility to the environment to assist in the clean-up and to use its resources in order to speed up these clean-up processes. However, most taxpayers disagree with this argument. They believe that the oil companies alone should bear the cost and responsibility of cleanup and that taxpayer’s money should not be spent in order to clear-out these oil spills. This is an issue which has yet to be resolved. In an attempt to establish some resolution to this issue, this paper shall research materials which support the argument that, the government must oversee and be involved in the cleanup of oil spills. Discussion As soon as oil spills into the ocean, it first spreads on the water’s surface and the speed and the density by which is spreads depends also on the density and composition of the oil spilled (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). The oil spilled may be cohesive or it may break up depending on the movement of the water. Rougher water movements tend to break the oil slick and cause it to cover a larger territory of ocean, including coastal areas, and some marine and terrestrial habitats (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). Oil containing volatile organic compounds partially evaporates and it leaves about 20 % or 40% of the mass denser and more resistant to flow. A small amount of oil dissolves in water and it can then disperse undetected or form a thick mousse with the water (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). A portion of the oil may then sink with particulates and the rest may congeal into sticky tar balls. Eventually, oil waste deteriorates and breaks down thro ugh photolysis and biodegradation. Once oil reaches shorelines, it then interacts with the beach sand, rocks, gravel, and vegetation. It causes contamination and erosion of these shorelines and sediments (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). Once the beach sand becomes contaminated, it is then unable to protect and support normal vegetation in the shorelines. Rocks with oil residues can also be toxic to coastal wildlife as it can poison the coastline and organic substrates, thereby interrupting the food chain upon which fishes and coastal creatures depend and upon which their reproduction is based (Water Encyclopedia, 2011). Wildlife and other sea creatures, as well as mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds can also be poisoned by oil residues. In fact, the Exxon Valdez oil spill caused the death of an estimated number of 100,000 to 300,000 birds in the area of Prince William Sound Alaska (Piatt, et.al., 1990). Mere ingestion of oil can be poisonous to animals; it can smother these creature s and destroy their thermal insulation (Wells, Butler, and Hughes, 1995). Oil can also damage their reproductive systems and disrupt the pattern of their usual behaviors. In the long-term setting, such damage can cause such species and populations to change or to totally disappear. Even when oil spills have â€Å"dissipated† over miles of ocean and coastlines, their impact on the environment often remains.

Professional Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Professional Development Plan - Essay Example These included some friends and colleagues, among other people I closely interacted with. While interacting with these people in my life, I realize that it is when I developed an interest in learning about the inner workings of the human mind. This also made me develop a strong interest in helping people. Nonetheless, this is the basis for my counseling experiences. I understand that large number of people today is affected by ill psychological health. Depression has been identified as one of the leading cause of deaths in the world today. For these and other reasons, my passion for Clinical Psychology has grown, and I believe that with a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology coupled with my empathy, I can be able to make a bigger difference in lives of people, who might be victims of psychological ill health. My personal goal mainly centers on my personal development. I want to develop myself in various dimensions, and in a manner that will put in a better position to initiate positive chang e in the lives of different people. In order to achieve this, I need to develop for myself a conducive environment and a harmonious state of mind to complete my Masters’ program successfully, as I believe that this is a major part in my personal development. ... In addition, I need to grow my knowledge base in Psychology and learn and develop important skills, which are essential for one to practice Clinical Psychology professionally. Nonetheless, I am working on these personal goals, which I believe will enable me to perform well in my profession as a future clinical psychologist. I strongly envision myself completing my Ph.D. program in Clinical Psychology at Walden University. This will not be an end to my pursuit of knowledge; instead, I view this as another beginning of learning and discovering myself and the people around me, but in a different level. As noted before, I have had a considerably high level of empathy since as I was child. Therefore, with a Ph.D. in Psychology, I hope to become a Clinical Psychologist, and engage in different voluntary work. Although presently I highly participate in volunteer work in the community, I believe that a Ph.D. will help me to help people in a better way, as this will increase my knowledge in t he field. I provide volunteership to different disadvantaged people in the community including the elderly, the homeless, vulnerable children, and those people with mental illness, among others. These are the major people in society that suffer ill psychological health, and I deal with them hoping that I make a positive change in their lives. At this point of my life therefore, I consider an advance in education as important to me, and to my clients, as this will increase the quality of my experience with them. A Ph.D. in Psychology at Walden University is important to me, as this will help me increase my capacity of serving people in the community. Nonetheless, since I have a passion for Clinical Psychology, it is in my best interests

Parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Parenting - Essay Example This is by instilling essential values and beliefs whose core purpose is to ensure that they live harmoniously with others. Undeniably, the existence of a healthy communication in a family setting prompts its members to create enmeshed relationship, hence maintain the required cohesion (Hepworth 255). Therefore, they end up depending on each other whereby they are capable of finding solutions meant to confront certain life’s predicaments, which are difficult when, tackled singlehandedly (Hepworth 255). Communication in the family system also develops a sense of belonging among its members. This is due to the closeness characterizing diverse members’ interactions and attention they normally enjoy (Hepworth 255). Mainly, this is in the form of both material and emotional assistance. Therefore, this equips them with the necessary skills meant to fit in the larger society and contribute as necessitated, for instance, the children. Additionally, communication helps to strengthen family bonds whereby individual members through their actions and talking where they constantly assure each other unco nditional support (Denise & Theiss 298). Since, they always act as a team especially when trying to resolve a predicament affecting one member whereby he or she could not have managed to solve it singlehandedly (Denise & Theiss 298-299). Therefore, communication is an essential tool meant to improve and strengthen coexistence in a family system (Hepworth 255). Behavioral science information has significantly enabled parents provide effective parenting to their children. Since, its core purpose entails equipping them and older children with adequate knowledge meant to interpret diverse behaviors characterizing their immediate members. This is especially by scrutinizing their behaviors and ascertaining what they could be experiencing (Beaver & Kristy 114). Since, some members owing to their physical conditions or other incapacities might not be in a position to

Technological progress is responsible for the rise of Essay

Technological progress is responsible for the rise of post-bureaucratic forms of organizations - Essay Example In other words, cross cultural business started to increase rapidly from 1980 onwards. Until 1980, most of the organizations operated with the help of Weber’s bureaucratic structure. Moreover, bureaucracy was dictating the organizational world during this period. However, the introduction of globalization and the rapid growth of technology helped the organizational world to operate more democratically from 1980 onwards. According to Josserand et al (2006) pointed out that â€Å"More than a simple exercise in reinvention, the post-bureaucratic era is characterized by hybridity. Far from being the end of bureaucracy, the post-modern area is that of its refurbishment† (p.54). In post bureaucratic organizations, the decisions are taken based on dialogue and consensus rather than authority and command. Organizations started to function as a network rather than hierarchy, because of the development of technology and scientific business management principles. Josserand et al ( 2006) cited many difficulties that involved in the transition of organizational world from bureaucratic to post bureaucratic. ... he organizational world from bureaucratic to post-bureaucratic, some people argue that technological progress is the major factor behind the development of post-bureaucratic forms of organizations. However, many others are of the view that along with technological advancements, plenty of other factors such as the evolutions of scientific management principles, concepts such as corporate social responsibility and sustainable development, contributed to the progress of post-bureaucratic organizations. This paper critically analyses these arguments. Technology & Post-Bureaucratic Organizations Role of Information communication technology or ICT The introduction of computers and internet have revolutionised the functioning of the organizational world. Many of the traditional organizational principles have given way for modern principles. For example, Bureaucratic organizations encourage individual work more whereas Post-Bureaucratic organizations encourage teamwork more. In other words, collectivism is prevalent in Post-Bureaucratic organizations whereas individualism is prevalent in Bureaucratic organizations. These changes in the organizational world were stimulated by the advancements in technologies. For example, in most of the IT companies, projects are executed with the help of project management teams. In other words, teams are responsible for the success and failures of a project rather than individuals. The above change helped individual employees to relax more and their job stress has come down drastically. It should be noted that the introduction of computers and internet helped the development of the concept of teamwork. â€Å"In recent years it has been argued that the widespread adoption of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) presages the

Professional Practice Model in Military Nursing Essay

Professional Practice Model in Military Nursing - Essay Example The term â€Å"nursing practice model† refers to operational models for redesigning nursing practice for the provision of patient care in organizational settings, primarily hospitals and long term care facilities ("Professional nursing practice," 2011). Professional practice model (PPM)/Professional nursing model has five subsystems: values, professional relationships, a patient care delivery model, a management approach, and compensation and rewards. Analysis of five PPMs showed that the professional values addressed most often are nurse autonomy, nurse accountability, professional development, and emphasis on high-quality care (Buttell, Hendler, & Daley, 2007). Teamwork, collaboration, and consultation consistently appeared as approaches to enhance professional relationships. Primary nursing and case management are the care delivery systems most often used in the models. Decentralizing decision making, expanding the scope and type of unit nurse manager responsibilities, and instituting structural changes to support professional practice were common activities in the management subsystem. Compensation and reward systems generally recognized professional achievement and contribution toward organizational goals. Recommendations for implementing and evaluating PPMs are offered (Hoffart, & Woods, 1996). For recognition of nurses department there are different designation such as the Magnet designation is the highest level of recognition the American Nurses Credentialing Centre (ANCC) accords to organized nursing services. The award recognizes health care organizations exhibiting excellence in nursing services to patients, the existence of an environment that supports professional nursing practice and growth and development of nursing staff. Magnet institutions act as "magnets" by attracting and retaining outstanding nurses and creating a work environment ("High point regional," ). Influence of professional practice model on change in health care organizatio ns: This model can be implemented organization-wide, they typically redesign nursing practice at the point of patient care delivery, that is, at the nursing unit level. Thus the models are distinguished from such organization that do not specifically address care delivery (Weisman). Nursing practice model are innovative practice arrangement because of the following influential aspects on change in health care. The degree to which the practice of individual nurses is differentiated according to education level or performance competencies so that the competition among the nurses will be established and they will try to improve their educational level as well as expertise in the field. The degree to which nursing practice at the unit level is self-managed, rather than managed by traditional supervisors(Weisman), they need to be in charge of work design and work flow, since they are the professionals involved in the majority of patient care. It is important they have input into the desi gn of the unit or workplace, for instance being on a committee that buys equipment for effective care in order to achieve

Comparing two emperors, one Chinese and one Roman Essay

Comparing two emperors, one Chinese and one Roman - Essay Example The Roman Empire began around 1000BCE and its power began from ruling the ancient villages around the city of Rome. In its earlier years of formation the empire was a monarchy but after the overthrowing of Etruscans in 509 BCE the empire turned to a republic and the Romans started their tyrant rules and governance. This essay will cover only the rule of Julius Caesar since this was the backbone of the success of the empire. The Roman Empire headquarters were in Rome and when Julius Caesar was in power, it conquered parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. It became one of the largest empires in history .   The Han China Empire came to power after overthrowing the Qin whose reign was short lived. Qin had abolished feudalism and thus overthrown by Han who ruled from 140-87 BCE. The ruler of the Han was known as Wu Ti . Unlike the Roman Empire the Han Empire did not start as a monarchy since there were magistrate-rule who ensured who was to be the ruler. There are similarities between Han an d Roman Empires in the essence of size of the empire and the acquirement of land to enlarge their empires. Han Empire used his power in the formation of a unified China, then started taking over the neighboring locations. The difference of the growth and acquisition of more land was not as brutal as that used by the Romans. The growth of the Roman Empire was based on conquering any empire that was beginning to gain power and seemed as a threat to the Roman Empire. This is contrary in comparison of the Han Empire.

Normative Sexuality in Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Normative Sexuality in Children - Essay Example This has called for knowledge expansion among the practicing pediatricians as regards to what is to be considered normative about sexual actions in children and teenagers and those that might be an indication that the child has been a victim of sexual abused or even acting in a manner that demonstrates sexual aggressiveness to fellow children. However it is worth noting that sexual development and plays are a positive indication of healthy and natural processes in children from toddlers through childhood to adolescence. For the case of toddlers and infant, it may involve body sensations, cuddling and touch amongst others. Behavior such as rubbing of genital parts and even erection experience is witnessed among the infant boys.2 It is also common that early school going children start inquiring about the function of various body parts. This later on graduates to sexual intercourse that is associated with affection and love for the opposite sex. During pre-adolescent stage of child dev elopment, they start getting involved in social relationships and expectation of indulging in clearer sexual feelings. Children touch and rub their sexual organs and this goes to the extent of masturbation. This would go into and even beyond puberty. At puberty and adolescence, the body parts and sex organs develop and this stage sets the onset of menstrual cycles among girls and routine masturbation especially for boys. There is the evidence of a lot of intimacy and romance which ultimately leads to dating, kissing and eventually sexual relationships and intercourse. It is very important to determine the age at which a child is appropriate or inappropriate sexual actions and respectively. For most children, sexual behaviors are exhibited throughout their childhood even before attaining puberty. However it will be considered normative (or expected) when the behaviors are not hostile, overtly sexual and are more exploratory in nature. Behaviors such as genital penetration and private part-mouth contact are not common and therefore considered non-normative.4 Sexual growth just as any areas of growth develops over time. There are certain behaviors that should not be ignored when a child develops. This is because such behaviors can be dangerous to the child and those who associate or interact with them. This therefore calls for keenness in deciding whether the behavior is natural or healthy. In addition the red flag needs to be raised especially when the behavior is considered extensive or involving others in non-consensual ways. For sexually reactive group of children, there is normally a tendency of engaging in several age-inappropriate sexual actions. This is majorly contributed by the fact that they were at one point exposed to sexual experiences. This drives them into engaging in sexual behaviors or relations characterized by too much sexual play, sexual abuse and molestation of other children.5 Exposing children of the age bracket of ten and below the years will lead them into emulating what they observe and hear. Such exposure may include but not limited to all natures of sexual actions with adolescents and adults viewing of sexually explicit and pornographic materials. Witnessing activities considered sexual between adults, adolescent or even other children. Such exposure might drive sexually reactive children into luring and engaging other